Which material is most commonly used for pulp capping procedures?

Calcium hydroxide is the material most commonly used for pulp capping procedures due to its excellent biocompatibility and its ability to promote the formation of dentin. It has unique properties that make it particularly effective in stimulating the pulp to heal and forming a protective barrier between the pulp and the restorative material. When applied to the exposed pulp, calcium hydroxide helps to initiate reparative dentin formation, crucial for protecting the tooth and maintaining its vitality.

Additionally, calcium hydroxide has an alkaline pH, which aids in neutralizing any acidic substances that might harm the pulp tissue. Its antibacterial properties further enhance its effectiveness in preventing infection at the site of exposure. The material is also relatively easy to manipulate and can be placed in thin layers, making it adaptable to different clinical situations.

Although other materials like glass ionomer, composite resin, and amalgam are used in various dental procedures, they do not possess the same specific properties that make calcium hydroxide the preferred choice for pulp capping. Glass ionomer, for instance, is often used for its adhesion and fluoride-releasing capabilities but lacks the reparative potential of calcium hydroxide. Composite resin is typically utilized in restorations rather than direct pulp capping, and while amalgam is durable,