What is the principal component of gutta percha used in obturation materials?

The principal component of gutta percha used in obturation materials is actually gutta percha itself, which is a thermoplastic natural latex obtained from the sap of certain trees. While zinc oxide is commonly used as a filler or in combination with other materials in various dental applications, it is not the primary component of gutta percha.

Gutta percha serves as the primary substance for the obturation of root canals because of its biocompatibility, sealing properties, and ease of manipulation when heated. Its properties allow it to adapt and fill the irregular spaces within root canal systems effectively. Gutta percha is also dimensionally stable, does not shrink significantly when set, and is resistant to moisture, making it an ideal choice for long-term root canal treatments.

Other materials, such as heavy metal salts and waxes, may be used in conjunction with gutta percha for specific properties but do not constitute the main component of the obturation material itself. Heavy metal salts may be added for radiopacity, and waxes could be used in various dental formulations, but they are secondary to the primary use of gutta percha in endodontics.